Solenopsis Fire Ants, from AntWiki.

    Solenopsis aurea subsp. amblychila Wheeler, W.M. 1915b.


    - amblychila. Solenopsis aurea subsp. amblychila Wheeler, W.M. 1915b: 394 (w.q.m.) U.S.A. Subspecies of xyloni: Creighton, 1930b: 104; of aurea: Creighton, 1950a: 230. Junior synonym of aurea: Snelling, R.R. 1963: 7; Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1986g: 13. Revived from synonymy and raised to species: Trager, 1991: 168.


    Solenopsis geminata var. aurea Wheeler, W.M. 1906d.


    - aurea. Solenopsis geminata var. aurea Wheeler, W.M. 1906d: 336 (w.q.m.) U.S.A. Crozier, 1970: 116 (k.). Raised to species: Forel, 1909a: 269. Subspecies of xyloni: Creighton, 1930b: 103. Revived status as species: Creighton, 1950a: 230; Snelling, R.R. 1963: 6. Senior synonym of huachucana: Trager, 1991: 170.
    - huachucana. Solenopsis huachucana Wheeler, W.M. 1915b: 393 (w.q.) U.S.A. Junior synonym of aurea: Trager, 1991: 170.


    Solenopsis huachucana Wheeler, W.M. 1915b.


    - huachucana. Solenopsis huachucana Wheeler, W.M. 1915b: 393 (w.q.) U.S.A. Junior synonym of aurea: Trager, 1991: 170.


    Solenopsis (Solenopsis) gayi subsp. bruesi Creighton, 1930b.


    - bruesi. Solenopsis (Solenopsis) gayi subsp. bruesi Creighton, 1930b: 52, pl. 4, figs. 4, 5 (w.) PERU. Raised to species: Trager, 1991: 172.


    Labauchena daguerrei Santschi, 1930d.


    - daguerrei. Labauchena daguerrei Santschi, 1930d: 81, fig. 12 (q.m.) ARGENTINA. Combination in Solenopsis: Ettershank, 1966: 140. Senior synonym of acuminata: Borgmeier, 1959a: 318.
    - acuminata. Labauchena acuminata Borgmeier, 1949: 208, figs. 10-14 (w.) ARGENTINA. Junior synonym of daguerrei: Borgmeier, 1959a: 318.


    Labauchena acuminata Borgmeier, 1949.


    - acuminata. Labauchena acuminata Borgmeier, 1949: 208, figs. 10-14 (w.) ARGENTINA. Junior synonym of daguerrei: Borgmeier, 1959a: 318.


    Solenopsis pylades r. electra Forel, 1914d.


    - electra. Solenopsis pylades r. electra Forel, 1914d: 275 (w.) ARGENTINA. Creighton, 1930b: 93 (q.). Subspecies of geminata: Wheeler, W.M. 1915b: 397; of saevissima: Santschi, 1923c: 266; Santschi, 1929d: 299; Creighton, 1930b: 92. Junior synonym of saevissima: Wilson, 1952b: 55. Revived from synonymy and raised to species: Trager, 1991: 192.


    Myrmica gayi Spinola, 1851a.


    - gayi. Myrmica gayi Spinola, 1851a: 242 (w.) CHILE. Combination in Solenopsis: Mayr, 1886c: 365. Junior synonym of geminata: Mayr, 1886d: 460; Dalla Torre, 1893: 76. Revived from synonymy as subspecies of geminata: Emery, 1895i: 11; Emery, 1906c: 121. Revived status as species: Forel, 1909a: 269; Santschi, 1923c: 261; Creighton, 1930b: 48. Senior synonym of fazi: Brown, 1950e: 248. See also: Trager, 1991: 170.
    - fazi. Solenopsis gayi var. fazi Santschi, 1923c: 261 (w.) CHILE. Creighton, 1930b: 51 (q.). Junior synonym of gayi: Brown, 1950e: 248.


    Solenopsis gayi var. fazi Santschi, 1923c


    - fazi. Solenopsis gayi var. fazi Santschi, 1923c: 261 (w.) CHILE. Creighton, 1930b: 51 (q.). Junior synonym of gayi: Brown, 1950e: 248.

    Trager Pitts Pitts et al.
    amblychila xxx
    aurea xxx
    bruesi xxx
    daguerrei xxx xxx
    electra xxx xxx xxx
    gayi xxx
    geminata xxx
    geminata var. micans
    hostilis xxx xxx
    interrupta xxx xxx xxx
    invicta xxx xxx xxx
    macdonaghi xxx xxx xxx
    megergates xxx xxx xxx
    altipunctata / metallica xxx xxx
    pusillignis xxx xxx xxx
    pythia xxx xxx xxx
    quinquecuspis xxx xxx xxx
    richteri xxx xxx xxx
    saevissima xxx xxx xxx
    pylades var. itinerans
    substituta xxx
    tridens xxx
    tridens var. lehmannnitschei
    virulens xxx
    weyrauchi xxx xxx xxx
    xyloni xxx

    Atta geminata Fabricius, 1804.


    - geminata. Atta geminata Fabricius, 1804: 423 (q.) CENTRAL AMERICA. Roger, 1862c: 289 (w.m.); Mayr, 1867a: 110 (w.q.m.); Wheeler, W.M. 1900b: 21 (l.); Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1955c: 132 (l.); Crozier, 1970: 116 (k.). Combination in Solenopsis: Mayr, 1863: 453. Senior synonym of clypeata, mandibularis: Roger, 1862c: 289; of cephalotes, paleata: Roger, 1863b: 32; Trager, 1991: 163; of glaber, laboriosus, polita: Mayr, 1863: 453; Mayr, 1886c: 362; Trager, 1991: 163; of drewseni: Mayr, 1870b: 996 (footnote); Mayr, 1886d: 460; of coloradensis: Mayr, 1886c: 365; of lincecumii, saxicola: Emery, 1895c: 276; of innota: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 877; of nigra: Creighton, 1930b: 59; of laevissima, mellea: Donisthorpe, 1932c: 463, 455 respectively; of rufa (and its junior synonym diabola): Ettershank, 1966: 141; of eduardi (and its junior synonym perversa), medusa (and its junior synonym bahiaensis), galapageia: Trager, 1991: 163. See also: Smith, D.R. 1979: 1386. Current subspecies: nominal plus micans.
    - paleata. Myrmica paleata Lund, 1831a: 116 (footnote) (w.) BRAZIL. Junior synonym of geminata: Roger, 1863b: 32.
    - mandibularis. Solenopsis mandibularis Westwood, 1840b: 87, pl. 2, fig. 5 (w.) "America aequinoctiali". Junior synonym of geminata: Roger, 1862c: 289.
    - rufa. Atta rufa Jerdon, 1851: 106 (w.q.) INDIA. Bingham, 1903: 158 (m.). Combination in Solenopsis: Emery, 1892b: 166. Junior synonym of geminata: Dalla Torre, 1893: 76. Revived from synonymy as subspecies of geminata: Forel, 1899a: 119; Wheeler, W.M. 1915b: 397; Creighton, 1930b: 66. Senior synonym of diabola: Creighton, 1930b: 66. Junior synonym of geminata: Ettershank, 1966: 141.
    - clypeata. Atta clypeata Smith, F. 1858b: 169 (q.m.) MEXICO. Junior synonym of geminata: Roger, 1862c: 289.
    - cephalotes. Solenopsis cephalotes Smith, F. 1859a: 149 (s.w.) INDONESIA (Aru I.). Junior synonym of geminata: Roger, 1863b: 32; of rufa: Creighton, 1950a: 231; of geminata: Trager, 1991: 163.
    - mellea. Myrmica mellea Smith, F. 1859a: 148 (w.) INDONESIA (Aru I.). Junior synonym of geminata: Donisthorpe, 1932c: 455.
    - laboriosus. Crematogaster laboriosus Smith, F. 1860b: 109 (q.) INDONESIA (Batjan I.). Combination in Solenopsis: Mayr, 1863: 453. Junior synonym of rufa: Creighton, 1950a: 231; of geminata: Trager, 1991: 163.
    - laevissima. Myrmica laevissima Smith, F. 1860b: 108 (w.) INDONESIA (Batjan I.). Junior synonym of geminata: Donisthorpe, 1932c: 463.
    - drewseni. Diplorhoptrum drewseni Mayr, 1861: 73 (diagnosis in key) (w.) ITALY. Junior synonym of geminata: Mayr, 1870b: 996; Mayr, 1886d: 460.
    - glaber. Myrmica glaber Smith, F. 1862b: 34 (w.) PANAMA. Junior synonym of geminata: Mayr, 1886c: 362; Trager, 1991: 163.
    - polita. Myrmica polita Smith, F. 1862b: 34 (w.) PANAMA. [Unresolved junior primary homonym of Myrmica polita Smith, F. 1860b: 108 (now in Pheidologeton).] Junior synonym of geminata: Mayr, 1863: 453; Mayr, 1886c: 362.
    - coloradensis. Atta coloradensis Buckley, 1867: 346 (s.w.) U.S.A. Junior synonym of geminata: Mayr, 1886c: 365.
    - lincecumii. Atta lincecumii Buckley, 1867: 344 (s.w.) U.S.A. Junior synonym of geminata: Emery, 1895c: 276.
    - saxicola. Myrmica (Monomorium) saxicola Buckley, 1867: 341 (w.) U.S.A. Junior synonym of geminata: Emery, 1895c: 276.
    - diabola. Solenopsis geminata var. diabola Wheeler, W.M. 1908e: 424 (w.q.m.) U.S.A. Junior synonym of rufa: Creighton, 1930b: 66.
    - nigra. Solenopsis geminata var. nigra Forel, 1908b: 45 (w.) COSTA RICA. Junior synonym of geminata: Creighton, 1930b: 59.
    - eduardi. Solenopsis eduardi Forel, 1912g: 12 (w.) COLOMBIA. Subspecies of geminata and senior synonym of perversa: Creighton, 1930b: 67. Junior synonym of geminata: Trager, 1991: 163.
    - innota. Solenopsis geminata var. innota Santschi, 1915c: 257, fig. 6 (s.w.q.m.) GABON. Junior synonym of geminata: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 877.
    - medusa. Solenopsis geminata subsp. medusa Mann, 1916: 447, pl. 4, fig. 31 (w.) BRAZIL. Creighton, 1930b: 69 (q.). Senior synonym of bahiaensis: Creighton, 1930b: 68. Junior synonym of geminata: Trager, 1991: 163.
    - galapageia. Solenopsis geminata var. galapageia Wheeler, W.M. 1919c: 272 (w.q.) ECUADOR (Galapagos Is). Subspecies of geminata: Creighton, 1930b: 65. Junior synonym of geminata: Trager, 1991: 163.
    - bahiaensis. Solenopsis edouardi var. bahiaensis Santschi, 1925d: 237 (w.) BRAZIL. Junior synonym of medusa: Creighton, 1930b: 68.
    - perversa. Solenopsis edouardi var. perversa Santschi, 1925b: 13 (s.w.q.) BRAZIL. Junior synonym of eduardi: Creighton, 1930b: 67.


    Myrmica paleata Lund, 1831a.


    - paleata. Myrmica paleata Lund, 1831a: 116 (footnote) (w.) BRAZIL. Junior synonym of geminata: Roger, 1863b: 32.


    Solenopsis mandibularis Westwood, 1840b.


    - mandibularis. Solenopsis mandibularis Westwood, 1840b: 87, pl. 2, fig. 5 (w.) "America aequinoctiali". Junior synonym of geminata: Roger, 1862c: 289.


    Atta rufa Jerdon, 1851.


    - rufa. Atta rufa Jerdon, 1851: 106 (w.q.) INDIA. Bingham, 1903: 158 (m.). Combination in Solenopsis: Emery, 1892b: 166. Junior synonym of geminata: Dalla Torre, 1893: 76. Revived from synonymy as subspecies of geminata: Forel, 1899a: 119; Wheeler, W.M. 1915b: 397; Creighton, 1930b: 66. Senior synonym of diabola: Creighton, 1930b: 66. Junior synonym of geminata: Ettershank, 1966: 141.


    Atta clypeata Smith, 1858b.


    - clypeata. clypeata. Atta clypeata Smith, F. 1858b: 169 (q.m.) MEXICO. Junior synonym of geminata: Roger, 1862c: 289.: 169 (q.m.) MEXICO. Junior synonym of geminata: Roger, 1862c: 289.


    Solenopsis cephalotes Smith, F. 1859a.


    - cephalotes. Solenopsis cephalotes Smith, F. 1859a: 149 (s.w.) INDONESIA (Aru I.). Junior synonym of geminata: Roger, 1863b: 32; of rufa: Creighton, 1950a: 231; of geminata: Trager, 1991: 163.


    Myrmica mellea Smith, F. 1859a.


    - mellea. Myrmica mellea Smith, F. 1859a: 148 (w.) INDONESIA (Aru I.). Junior synonym of geminata: Donisthorpe, 1932c: 455.


    Crematogaster laboriosus Smith, F. 1860b.


    - laboriosus. Crematogaster laboriosus Smith, F. 1860b: 109 (q.) INDONESIA (Batjan I.). Combination in Solenopsis: Mayr, 1863: 453. Junior synonym of rufa: Creighton, 1950a: 231; of geminata: Trager, 1991: 163.


    Myrmica laevissima Smith, F. 1860b


    - laevissima. Myrmica laevissima Smith, F. 1860b: 108 (w.) INDONESIA (Batjan I.). Junior synonym of geminata: Donisthorpe, 1932c: 463.


    Diplorhoptrum drewseni Mayr, 1861.


    - drewseni. Diplorhoptrum drewseni Mayr, 1861: 73 (diagnosis in key) (w.) ITALY. Junior synonym of geminata: Mayr, 1870b: 996; Mayr, 1886d: 460.


    Myrmica glaber Smith, F. 1862b.


    - glaber. Myrmica glaber Smith, F. 1862b: 34 (w.) PANAMA. Junior synonym of geminata: Mayr, 1886c: 362; Trager, 1991: 163.


    Myrmica polita Smith, F. 1862b.


    - polita. Myrmica polita Smith, F. 1862b: 34 (w.) PANAMA. [Unresolved junior primary homonym of Myrmica polita Smith, F. 1860b: 108 (now in Pheidologeton).] Junior synonym of geminata: Mayr, 1863: 453; Mayr, 1886c: 362.


    Atta coloradensis Buckley, 1867.


    - coloradensis. Atta coloradensis Buckley, 1867: 346 (s.w.) U.S.A. Junior synonym of geminata: Mayr, 1886c: 365.


    Atta lincecumii Buckley, 1867.


    - lincecumii. Atta lincecumii Buckley, 1867: 344 (s.w.) U.S.A. Junior synonym of geminata: Emery, 1895c: 276.


    Myrmica (Monomorium) saxicola Buckley, 1867.


    - saxicola. Myrmica (Monomorium) saxicola Buckley, 1867: 341 (w.) U.S.A. Junior synonym of geminata: Emery, 1895c: 276.


    Solenopsis geminata var. diabola Wheeler, W.M. 1908e.


    - diabola. Solenopsis geminata var. diabola Wheeler, W.M. 1908e: 424 (w.q.m.) U.S.A. Junior synonym of rufa: Creighton, 1930b: 66.


    Solenopsis geminata var. nigra Forel, 1908b.


    - nigra. Solenopsis geminata var. nigra Forel, 1908b: 45 (w.) COSTA RICA. Junior synonym of geminata: Creighton, 1930b: 59.


    Solenopsis eduardi Forel, 1912g.


    - eduardi. Solenopsis eduardi Forel, 1912g: 12 (w.) COLOMBIA. Subspecies of geminata and senior synonym of perversa: Creighton, 1930b: 67. Junior synonym of geminata: Trager, 1991: 163.


    Solenopsis geminata var. innota Santschi, 1915c.


    - innota. Solenopsis geminata var. innota Santschi, 1915c: 257, fig. 6 (s.w.q.m.) GABON. Junior synonym of geminata: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 877.


    Solenopsis geminata subsp. medusa Mann, 1916.


    - medusa. Solenopsis geminata subsp. medusa Mann, 1916: 447, pl. 4, fig. 31 (w.) BRAZIL. Creighton, 1930b: 69 (q.). Senior synonym of bahiaensis: Creighton, 1930b: 68. Junior synonym of geminata: Trager, 1991: 163.


    Solenopsis geminata var. galapageia Wheeler, W.M. 1919c.


    - galapageia. Solenopsis geminata var. galapageia Wheeler, W.M. 1919c: 272 (w.q.) ECUADOR (Galapagos Is). Subspecies of geminata: Creighton, 1930b: 65. Junior synonym of geminata: Trager, 1991: 163.


    Solenopsis edouardi var. bahiaensis Santschi, 1925d.


    - bahiaensis. Solenopsis edouardi var. bahiaensis Santschi, 1925d: 237 (w.) BRAZIL. Junior synonym of medusa: Creighton, 1930b: 68.


    Solenopsis edouardi var. perversa Santschi, 1925b.


    - perversa. Solenopsis edouardi var. perversa Santschi, 1925b: 13 (s.w.q.) BRAZIL. Junior synonym of eduardi: Creighton, 1930b: 67.


    Solenopsis geminata var. micans Stitz, 1912.


    - micans. Solenopsis geminata var. micans Stitz, 1912: 506, fig. 8 (w.) INDONESIA (Seram I.).


    Labauchena hostilis Borgmeier, 1959a.


    - hostilis. Labauchena hostilis Borgmeier, 1959a: 318, figs. 10, 11 (q.) BRAZIL. Combination in Solenopsis: Ettershank, 1966: 141.


    Solenopsis saevissima var. interrupta Santschi, 1916e.


    - interrupta. Solenopsis saevissima var. interrupta Santschi, 1916e: 379 (w.) ARGENTINA. Subspecies of saevissima: Creighton, 1930b: 89. Raised to species: Wilson, 1952b: 51. See also: Buren, 1972: 22; Trager, 1991: 178.

    Solenopsis invicta Buren, 1972.


    - wagneri. Solenopsis saevissima var. wagneri Santschi, 1916e: 380 (w.) ARGENTINA. Junior synonym of saevissima: Wilson, 1952b: 55. Revived from synonymy, raised to species and senior synonym of invicta: Bolton, 1995b: 391. [Trager, 1991: 173 wrongly gave wagneri as an unavailable name, incorrectly citing its original notation as S. saevissima subsp. electra var. wagneri, and referring its material to invicta. But wagneri is available, with the original notation cited above, and has priority over invicta.] S. invicta conserved over wagneri because of usage, in accord with ICZN (1999): Shattuck, Porter & Wojcik, 1999: 27.
    - invicta. Solenopsis invicta Buren, 1972: 9, fig. 2 (w.q.m.) BRAZIL. Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1977: 588 (l.). Junior synonym of wagneri: Bolton, 1995b: 388. [Trager, 1991: 173 incorrectly gave wagneri as an unavailable name; the name is available and has priority over invicta, see note under wagneri.] S. invicta conserved over wagneri because of usage, in accord with ICZN (1999): Shattuck, Porter & Wojcik, 1999: 27. See also: Rhoades, 1977: 1; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1386.


    Solenopsis saevissima wagneri Santschi, 1916e.


    - wagneri. Solenopsis saevissima var. wagneri Santschi, 1916e: 380 (w.) ARGENTINA. Junior synonym of saevissima: Wilson, 1952b: 55. Revived from synonymy, raised to species and senior synonym of invicta: Bolton, 1995b: 391. [Trager, 1991: 173 wrongly gave wagneri as an unavailable name, incorrectly citing its original notation as S. saevissima subsp. electra var. wagneri, and referring its material to invicta. But wagneri is available, with the original notation cited above, and has priority over invicta.] S. invicta conserved over wagneri because of usage, in accord with ICZN (1999): Shattuck, Porter & Wojcik, 1999: 27.


    Solenopsis saevissima var. macdonaghi Santschi, 1916e.


    - macdonaghi. Solenopsis saevissima var. macdonaghi Santschi, 1916e: 379 (w.q.) ARGENTINA. Junior synonym of interrupta: Creighton, 1930b: 89. Revived from synonymy and raised to species: Trager, 1991: 179.


    Solenopsis megergates Trager, 1991.


    - megergates. Solenopsis megergates Trager, 1991: 181, figs. 68, 69, 72, 73 (w.q.) BRAZIL.


    Solenopsis metallica Pitts, Camacho, Gotzek, McHugh & Ross, 2018.


    - metallica. Solenopsis metallica Pitts, Camacho, Gotzek, McHugh & Ross, 2018: 331, figs. 16–20, 44, 89 (w.q.m.l.) BRAZIL.


    Solenopsis pusillignis Trager, 1991.


    - pusillignis. Solenopsis pusillignis Trager, 1991: 194, figs. 40, 41, 44, 45, 84 (w.) BRAZIL.


    Solenopsis (Solenopsis) pythia Santschi, 1934c.


    - pythia. Solenopsis (Solenopsis) pythia Santschi, 1934c: 30 (q.) ARGENTINA. Trager, 1991: 182 (w.). See also: Wilson, 1952b: 50.


    Solenopsis pylades var. quinquecuspis Forel, 1913l.


    - quinquecuspis. Solenopsis pylades var. quinquecuspis Forel, 1913l: 224 (w.) ARGENTINA. Subspecies of saevissima: Santschi, 1916e: 379; Creighton, 1930b: 86. Junior synonym of richteri: Wilson, 1952b: 57. Revived from synonymy and raised to species: Buren, 1972: 17. Senior synonym of blumi: Trager, 1991: 185.
    - blumi. Solenopsis blumi Buren, 1972: 20, fig. 5 (w.) URUGUAY. Junior synonym of quinquecuspis: Trager, 1991: 185.


    Solenopsis blumi Buren, 1972.


    - blumi. Solenopsis blumi Buren, 1972: 20, fig. 5 (w.) URUGUAY. Junior synonym of quinquecuspis: Trager, 1991: 185.


    Solenopsis pylades var. richteri Forel, 1909a.


    - richteri. Solenopsis pylades var. richteri Forel, 1909a: 267 (w.q.) ARGENTINA. Creighton, 1930b: 87 (m.); Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1977: 589 (l.). Subspecies of saevissima: Santschi, 1916e: 379; Creighton, 1950a: 232; Wilson, 1952b: 58. Raised to species: Buren, 1972: 4. Senior synonym of tricuspis: Creighton, 1930b: 87; of oblongiceps: Trager, 1991: 187. See also: Rhoades, 1977: 1.
    - tricuspis. Solenopsis pylades var. tricuspis Forel, 1912g: 4 (w.) ARGENTINA. Subspecies of saevissima: Santschi, 1916e: 379. Junior synonym of richteri: Creighton, 1930b: 87.
    - oblongiceps. Solenopsis saevissima st. oblongiceps Santschi, 1936d: 405, fig. 5 (w.) ARGENTINA. Junior synonym of saevissima: Wilson, 1952b: 55; of richteri: Trager, 1991: 187.


    Solenopsis pylades var. tricuspis Forel, 1912g.


    - tricuspis. Solenopsis pylades var. tricuspis Forel, 1912g: 4 (w.) ARGENTINA. Subspecies of saevissima: Santschi, 1916e: 379. Junior synonym of richteri: Creighton, 1930b: 87.


    Solenopsis saevissima st. oblongiceps Santschi, 1936d.


    - oblongiceps. Solenopsis saevissima st. oblongiceps Santschi, 1936d: 405, fig. 5 (w.) ARGENTINA. Junior synonym of saevissima: Wilson, 1952b: 55; of richteri: Trager, 1991: 187.


    Myrmica saevissima Smith, F. 1855c


    - saevissima. Myrmica saevissima Smith, F. 1855c: 166, pl. 13, fig. 18 (w.) BRAZIL. Combination in Solenopsis: Mayr, 1862: 751. Goni, Zolessi & Imai, 1983: 365 (k.). Junior synonym of geminata: Mayr, 1865: 109; Mayr, 1886d: 460; Dalla Torre, 1893: 76. Revived from synonymy as subspecies of geminata: Wheeler, W.M. 1915b: 395. Revived status as species: Mann, 1916: 447; Santschi, 1916e: 378; Santschi, 1923c: 265; Creighton, 1930b: 80. Senior synonym of gracilior: Creighton, 1930b: 80; of moelleri (and its junior synonyms incrassata, morosa), perfida: Wilson, 1952b: 55. Material of the unavailable name picea referred here by Trager, 1991: 189. Current subspecies: nominal plus itinerans. See also: Buren, 1972: 15; Trager, 1991: 188.
    - gracilior. Solenopsis moelleri var. gracilior Forel, 1904d: 174 (w.) BRAZIL. Junior synonym of saevissima: Creighton, 1930b: 80.
    - moelleri. Solenopsis moelleri Forel, 1904d: 173 (w.q.m.) BRAZIL. Subspecies of saevissima and senior synonym of incrassata, morosa: Creighton, 1930b: 83. Junior synonym of saevissima: Wilson, 1952b: 55.
    -incrassata. Solenopsis geminata var. incrassata Forel, 1908c: 362 (w.) BRAZIL. Subspecies of pylades: Forel, 1909a: 268; of saevissima: Gallardo, 1919b: 247. Junior synonym of moelleri: Creighton, 1930b: 83.
    - morosa. Solenopsis saevissima var. morosa Santschi, 1916e: 380 (w.) BRAZIL. Santschi, 1923c: 265 (q.). Junior synonym of moelleri: Creighton, 1930b: 83.
    - perfida. Solenopsis saevissima var. perfida Santschi, 1923c: 266 (w.) BRAZIL. Junior synonym of saevissima: Wilson, 1952b: 55.


    Solenopsis moelleri var. gracilior Forel, 1904d.


    - gracilior. Solenopsis moelleri var. gracilior Forel, 1904d: 174 (w.) BRAZIL. Junior synonym of saevissima: Creighton, 1930b: 80.


    Solenopsis moelleri Forel, 1904d.


    - moelleri. Solenopsis moelleri Forel, 1904d: 173 (w.q.m.) BRAZIL. Subspecies of saevissima and senior synonym of incrassata, morosa: Creighton, 1930b: 83. Junior synonym of saevissima: Wilson, 1952b: 55.


    Solenopsis geminata var. incrassata Forel, 1908c.


    - incrassata. Solenopsis geminata var. incrassata Forel, 1908c: 362 (w.) BRAZIL. Subspecies of pylades: Forel, 1909a: 268; of saevissima: Gallardo, 1919b: 247. Junior synonym of moelleri: Creighton, 1930b: 83.


    Solenopsis saevissima var. morosa Santschi, 1916e.


    - morosa. Solenopsis saevissima var. morosa Santschi, 1916e: 380 (w.) BRAZIL. Santschi, 1923c: 265 (q.). Junior synonym of moelleri: Creighton, 1930b: 83.


    Solenopsis saevissima var. perfida Santschi, 1923c.


    - perfida. Solenopsis saevissima var. perfida Santschi, 1923c: 266 (w.) BRAZIL. Junior synonym of saevissima: Wilson, 1952b: 55.

    Solenopsis pylades var. itinerans Forel, 1911f.


    - itinerans. Solenopsis pylades var. itinerans Forel, 1911f: 276 (w.) KENYA. Currently subspecies of saevissima: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 879.


    Solenopsis tridens var. substituta Santschi, 1925d.


    - substituta. Solenopsis tridens var. substituta Santschi, 1925d: 236 (w.q.) BRAZIL. Raised to species: Trager, 1991: 161.


    Solenopsis tridens Forel, 1911c.


    - tridens. Solenopsis tridens Forel, 1911c: 298 (w.) BRAZIL. Current subspecies: nominal plus lehmannnitschei. See also: Trager, 1991: 162.


    Solenopsis tridens var. lehmannnitschei Santschi, 1916e.


    - lehmannnitschei. Solenopsis tridens var. lehmannnitschei Santschi, 1916e: 378 (w.) ARGENTINA.


    Myrmica virulens Smith, F. 1858b.


    - virulens. Myrmica virulens Smith, F. 1858b: 132 (w.) BRAZIL. Combination in Solenopsis: Dalla Torre, 1893: 76. Junior synonym of geminata: Mayr, 1886d: 460; Dalla Torre, 1893: 76; Creighton, 1930b: 59; Creighton, 1950a: 231; of bondari: Kempf & Brown, 1968: 99. Revived from synonymy and senior synonym of bondari: Trager, 1991: 155.
    - bondari. Solenopsis bondari Santschi, 1925d: 236 (w.) BRAZIL. Junior synonym of virulens: Trager, 1991: 155.


    Solenopsis bondari Santschi, 1925d.


    - bondari. Solenopsis bondari Santschi, 1925d: 236 (w.) BRAZIL. Junior synonym of virulens: Trager, 1991: 155.


    Solenopsis weyrauchi Trager, 1991.


    - weyrauchi. Solenopsis weyrauchi Trager, 1991: 190, figs. 76, 77, 80, 81 (w.) PERU.


    Solenopsis xyloni McCook, 1879.


    - xyloni. Solenopsis xyloni McCook, 1879: 188, figs. 37, 38 (s.w.q.) U.S.A. Wheeler, W.M. 1915b: 396 (m.); Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1955c: 133 (l.); Taber & Cokendolpher, 1988: 95 (k.). Junior synonym of geminata: Mayr, 1886d: 460; Dalla Torre, 1893: 76. Revived from synonymy as subspecies of geminata: Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 563; Wheeler, W.M. 1915b: 395. Revived status as species: Creighton, 1930b: 98; Creighton, 1950a: 232; Snelling, R.R. 1963: 9. Senior synonym of maniosa, pylades: Trager, 1991: 166.
    - pylades. Solenopsis geminata r. pylades Forel, 1904d: 172 (q.) MEXICO. Forel, 1909a: 267 (w.); Forel, 1911c: 297 (m.); Bruch, 1916: 315 (m.). Raised to species: Forel, 1909a: 267; Bruch, 1914: 223; Forel, 1916: 459. Subspecies of saevissima: Santschi, 1923c: 267. Junior synonym of geminata: Emery, 1922e: 198; of saevissima: Wheeler, W.M. 1915b: 395; Wheeler, W.M. 1916g: 143; Wheeler, W.M. 1919c: 272; Creighton, 1930b: 70; of xyloni: Trager, 1991: 166.
    - maniosa. Solenopsis geminata subsp. maniosa Wheeler, W.M. 1915b: 396 (w.q.m.) U.S.A. Subspecies of xyloni: Creighton, 1930b: 102. Junior synonym of xyloni: Creighton, 1950a: 232. Revived from synonymy and raised to species: Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1986g: 13. Junior synonym of xyloni: Trager, 1991: 166.


    Solenopsis geminata r. pylades Forel, 1904d.


    - pylades. Solenopsis geminata r. pylades Forel, 1904d: 172 (q.) MEXICO. Forel, 1909a: 267 (w.); Forel, 1911c: 297 (m.); Bruch, 1916: 315 (m.). Raised to species: Forel, 1909a: 267; Bruch, 1914: 223; Forel, 1916: 459. Subspecies of saevissima: Santschi, 1923c: 267. Junior synonym of geminata: Emery, 1922e: 198; of saevissima: Wheeler, W.M. 1915b: 395; Wheeler, W.M. 1916g: 143; Wheeler, W.M. 1919c: 272; Creighton, 1930b: 70; of xyloni: Trager, 1991: 166.


    Solenopsis geminata subsp. maniosa Wheeler, W.M. 1915b.


    - maniosa. Solenopsis geminata subsp. maniosa Wheeler, W.M. 1915b: 396 (w.q.m.) U.S.A. Subspecies of xyloni: Creighton, 1930b: 102. Junior synonym of xyloni: Creighton, 1950a: 232. Revived from synonymy and raised to species: Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1986g: 13. Junior synonym of xyloni: Trager, 1991: 166.

    Solenopsis invicta Buren, 1972 and Solenopsis saevissima wagneri Santschi, 1916e.


    Bolton, 1995b did something very stirring to the usage of these species names. By recognizing the correct use of S. wagneri and giving it priority over S. invicta there was confusion about witch name to use. Some did use S. wagneri but it lasted till 1999/2000 till everybody accepted S. Invicta. So, those 5 to 6 years you can find also S. wagneri in some publications… but the correct name is S. invicta!


    Solenopsis metallica Pitts, Camacho, Gotzek, McHugh & Ross, 2018 and S. altipunctata by Pitts, 2002.


    In 2002 Pitts described S. altipunctata in his thesis, NOT in an official publication. Only in 2018 this species was described as S. metallica Pitts, Camacho, Gotzek, McHugh & Ross, 2018. In those 16 years the species was named in most publications S. n. sp. But… a few times S. altipunctata was used. This is not valid. Since 2018 the valid name is S. metallica Pitts, Camacho, Gotzek, McHugh & Ross, 2018.


    Solenopsis geminata var. micans Stitz, 1912, Solenopsis pylades var. itinerans Forel, 1911f and Solenopsis tridens var. lehmannnitschei Santschi, 1916e.


    These 3 subspecies escaped the revision of Trager and all the later ones… These should still be revised. Until then they stay as subspecies of S. geminate, S. saevissima and S. tridens respectively.

    Unidentifiable Taxon.


    Solenopsis brazoensis (Buckley, 1867).


    Atta brazoensis Buckley, 1867: 345 (s.w.) U.S.A. Junior synonym of geminata: Emery, 1895c: 276. Unidentifiable taxon; incertae sedis in Solenopsis: Bolton, 1995b: 386.


    Solenopsis madara Roger, 1863a.


    Solenopsis madara Roger, 1863a: 200 (w.) U.S.A. Unidentifiable taxon: Smith, M.R. 1951a: 814.


    Solenopsis sabeana (Buckley, 1867).


    Myrmica (Atta) sabeana Buckley, 1867: 343 (w.) U.S.A. Junior synonym of geminata: Emery, 1895c: 276. Synonymy with xyloni postulated but cannot be proved: Wheeler, W.M. 1915b: 395; Creighton, 1930b: 98; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1389; Trager, 1991: 167. Unidentifiable taxon; incertae sedis in Solenopsis: Bolton, 1995b: 390.


    Unavailable Species Names.


    Solenopsis geminata subsp. saevissima var. picea Wasmann, 1918a.


    Trager, J. C. 1991. A revision of the fire ants, Solenopsis geminata group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Myrmicinae). J. N. Y. Entomol. Soc. 99: 141-198 (page 189, Material referred to saevissima)
    Wasmann, E. 1918a. Ueber Solenopsis geminata saevissima Sm. und ihre Gäste. Entomol. Bl. Biol. Syst. Käfer 14: 69-76 (page 70, worker described)

Jetzt mitmachen!

Du hast noch kein Benutzerkonto auf unserer Seite? Registriere dich kostenlos und nimm an unserer Community teil!

Benutzerkonto erstellen Anmelden